Orange yellow crystalline powder, slightly smelly. Synephrine Hcl is easily soluble in water and immediately dissolves into a transparent yellow liquid. It is soluble in ethanol and propylene glycol, but insoluble in oil. PH value has little effect on hue. Its hue is more stable than β – carotene in acid (pH 4 ~ 6) and alkaline (pH 8 ~ 11), especially in alkaline medium. Its color is more bright, and its absorbance is maximum near 440nm. Under neutral or alkaline conditions, Pine Bark Extract has good light and heat resistance, but it has poor heat resistance and light resistance at low pH value, and is easy to browning. It has good dyeing effect on protein and starch, that is, Ginkgo Biloba Extract has good coloring power for hydrophilic food, but it is not stable in aqueous solution. The discoloration is more obvious in acid than in alkali. It is stable to metal ions (such as aluminum, calcium, lead, copper, tin, etc.), and iron ions tend to make Gardenia Yellow and black.
分类： 植物提取
Radiation induced organ failure is largely caused by chronic peroxide damage. Radiation damage to the body can be divided into direct damage and Mangiferin. Direct damage directly causes the breakage of some sensitive molecules in the cell; indirect damage causes the radiolysis of water, which leads to the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the change of subcellular structure. Therefore, antioxidants are widely used in the treatment of radiation injury. In order to protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is necessary to maintain stable endogenous sulfhydryl pool, especially glutathione (Gardenia Yellow) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Glutathione provides reduction equivalent for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide into water and lipid alcohol, and protects the sulfhydryl protein group from oxidative damage. The rate limiting reaction of glutathione biosynthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (Flax lignans), which is composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is an important antioxidant component in tissues. It can maintain the redox potential of cells by reducing the reduction equivalent of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin.
As a phenolic plant component, Ferulic Acid has strong antioxidant activity, which has a great promoting effect on human health. Ferulic acid can significantly increase the content of glutathione and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in radiation-induced endothelial cells, which has protective effect on irradiated endothelial cells. Heme oxygenase is an antioxidant enzyme. It can convert heme into biliverdin, and finally into antioxidant bilirubin. Ferulic acid can regulate the expression of heme oxygenase, thus playing a protective role in radiation protection.
Lignan lactone
Capsicum Oleoresin lactone is a lactone ring formed by the epoxidation of tetrahydrofuran in monoepoxy lignans. It often coexists with dehydrogenated compounds in the same plant. [structural formula omitted]
For example, arctiin and Spirulina Protein Powder in Fructus Arctii belong to lignan.
Cyclolignans
Ranacenides
Podophyllotoxin
It can clear away heat and toxin, dissipate phlegm and disperse mass, remove phlegm and detumescence, resist cancer and Citrus Aurantium Extract.
Cyclolignans are cyclized from simple lignans. Its representative is isopaclitaxel.
Cyclolignan lactone
Cyclolignolide is synthesized from the intermediate ring of lignan c9-c9 ‘. [podophyllotoxin]
Dicyclohexyl lignans
Cactus Extract is a kind of lignans with two epoxy structures formed by the connection of two phenylpropanoid side chains. The natural bicyclo lignans have CIS linked double parallel tetrahydrofuran rings.
Forsythin and forsythin in Forsythia suspensa are bicyclo lignans.
Simple lignans [basic carbon framework]
Diarylbutanes: Gardenia Yellown
It can clear away heat and diuresis, clear eyes, eliminate accumulation
Sweet Potato Powder is used for hypochondriac pain, abdominal distension, anorexia, nausea and loose stool caused by damp heat of liver and Diosmin.
Monoepoxy lignans
Oleoresin
In addition to the 8-8 ‘connection, there are 7-0-7’, 9-0-9 ‘, 7-0-9’ epoxy structure (forming furan or tetrahydrofuran ring). [N-Acetylneuraminic Acid] its representative substances are solanine and oleoresin.
It contains high efficiency Anti Wrinkle Essence, which can quickly moisturize and replenish moisture.
Mangiferin exist in plants, belonging to a kind of phytoestrogen, which has the function of scavenging free radicals and antioxidation. Lignans are also found in grains (such as rye, wheat, oats, Gardenia Yellow, etc.), soybeans and cruciferous plants (such as broccoli) and some fruits (such as strawberries). Lignans can bind estrogen receptors and interfere with cancer promoting effect. Therefore, Sweet Potato Powder may have preventive and therapeutic effects on breast cancer, prostate cancer and colon cancer.
Lignans are a kind of natural components which are polymerized by phenylpropanoid bimolecular polymerization. There are four monomers of lignans: ① cinnamic acid and occasionally cinnamaldehyde. ② N-Acetylneuraminic Acid. ③ Propylene benzene. ④ Allyl benzene.
Phyllanthin
Classification basis: according to the basic carbon frame and condensation of lignans.
Acid base isomerization
Many lignans, due to the existence of stereoisomerism in the saturated ring structure, are prone to Flax lignans and form isomers after acid-base interaction. In addition, dicyclohexyllignans often have symmetrical structures. Under the action of acid, the bond between the oxygen atom and the benzyl carbon atom on the furan ring is easy to crack, and the configuration changes when it is closed again. Some lignans can also cause structural rearrangement when they encounter mineral acid. [Sweet Potato Powder] [specific example 2]
Functional group reaction
Plant Extract Lignans often have alcohol hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, methoxy, methylene dioxy, carboxyl and lactone groups, so they also have the properties and reactions of these functional groups. Ferric chloride or diazotization reagent can be used for the detection of phenolic hydroxyl group, Labat reagent (Capsicum Oleoresin concentrated sulfuric acid reagent) or ecgrine reagent (chromotropic acid concentrated sulfuric acid reagent) can be used for the detection of methylene dioxy.
character
Most of them are white crystals, generally non-volatile, Mangiferin and cannot be distilled with steam. Only a few lignans can be sublimated by heating at atmospheric pressure.
solubility
Free Capsicum Oleoresin are lipophilic, generally insoluble in water, but easily soluble in lipophilic organic solvents and ethanol.
Lignans with phenolic hydroxyl groups are also soluble in alkaline aqueous solutions. When lignans combine with sugar to form glycosides, the Ginkgo Biloba Extract and water solubility of lignans increase.
Optical activity
Bitter Melon Extract usually have multiple chiral carbon atoms or chiral centers, so most of them have optical activity. The physiological activity of lignans is often related to the configuration of chiral carbon. Therefore, attention should be paid to the operating conditions in the extraction process to avoid structural changes of the extracted components.
extract
Caffeic Acid are lipophilic and can be dissolved in low polar solvents such as ether. They can be directly extracted with low polarity organic solvents or extracted with ethanol (or acetone). After concentration, the extract solution is dissolved in petroleum ether or ether, and then dissolved for many times to obtain the pure product. [Note: FlaxSeed Lignans often coexists with resin in plants, and solvent treatment is easy to resin, not suitable for separation. ]
Flax lignans glycosides have strong hydrophilicity and can be extracted according to the extraction method of glycosides. Due to the relatively large aglycone molecules, medium and low polarity solvents should be used. Lignans with lactone structure can also be separated from other unsaponifiable lipophilic components by their alkali soluble properties. However, attention should be paid to the isomerization of Gardenia Yellow, especially those with optical activity.
separate
The separation of lignans can be carried out by solvent extraction, fractional precipitation, recrystallization and other methods due to the different properties of the extracted lignans. Further separation also needs to rely on chromatographic separation. Adsorption column chromatography and distribution column chromatography are widely used in the separation of lignans.
- Conventional components and effective energy value
The quality of alfalfa meal depends on the proportion of Alfalfa Powder stem to leaf.
The results showed that the leaf of air dried alfalfa contained 25.5% ± 2.6% crude protein, 14.3% ± 2.5% crude fiber, 11.09 ± 1.46 MJ / kg digestible energy (Mangiferin) and (6.44 ± 0.87) MJ / kg respectively. According to the principle of international feed classification, it belongs to protein feed. However, the crude fiber content in the air dried alfalfa stem is as high as 41.3% ± 1.8%, the crude protein content is only 10.4% ± 0.9%, the digestible energy (Gardenia Yellow) is (4.18 ± 0.38) MJ / kg, and the metabolic energy (chicken) is (0.57 ± 0.03) MJ / kg. It can be seen that the loss of leaf in alfalfa should be paid attention to during alfalfa harvesting and storage, and the proportion of alfalfa leaf in alfalfa should be ensured as far as possible The key to high quality alfalfa meal.
In the past, many Flax lignans have studied the variation law of nutrient components in Alfalfa at different growth stages. It is generally believed that the quality of Alfalfa at the initial flowering stage is better, but according to the cooperative research between the Institute of animal husbandry, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shaanxi animal husbandry and Veterinary Institute, the crude protein content of alfalfa meal at budding stage, initial flowering stage and full flowering stage is 20.0%, 18.2% and 16.9%, respectively, while the crude fiber content is 26.1%, 26.5% and 28.1%, respectively It is difficult to judge the quality of alfalfa meal during growing period.
- Amino acid content of alfalfa
According to the statistical data of China Feed Database, the whole alfalfa meal harvested at full flowering stage after artificial drying contains 0.74% – 0.78% Gardenia Yellow, and the total essential amino acid content is relatively balanced. It is a kind of forage powder feed material to adjust the palatability and physical and Ginkgo Biloba Extract properties of compound feed.
- Mineral and trace element content
The contents of calcium and phosphorus in leaves of Bitter Melon Extract were 150% and 50% higher than those in stems, respectively, and decreased with the growth period. Calcium is deficient in phosphorus, but not phytate.
Flax lignans is rich in iron and selenium, which is 5-10 times higher than that of livestock and poultry. It is a good source of iron and selenium. However, copper, zinc and manganese are all in the range of livestock and poultry demand or relatively deficient, and should be added as appropriate.
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